Rural health clinics were created by the 1977 Rural Health Clinics Services Act, with the goal of increasing access to medical care for communities without sufficient services.
To qualify for funding from Medicare and Medicaid, rural health clinics must meet the following criteria:
Be in a rural area and underserved area
The United States Census Bureau identifies rural areas, and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) designates those that qualify as medically underserved areas (MUAs) due to a shortage of health care services.
HHS certifies rural health clinics based on four qualifications:
- Shortage of health care services for a specific geographical area
- Shortage of health care services for a specific group of people in a defined area
- Shortage of health care providers for a specific area
- Governor-designated and secretary-certified shortage area
To qualify for rural health clinic certification, the area must meet the HHS qualifications for the previous four years.
Follow a team approach
Rural health clinics rely on a team approach that includes physicians working together with other licensed providers such as nurse practitioners (NP), physician assistants (PA), certified nurse-midwives (CNM), clinical psychologists, and/or clinical social workers.
As part of the team approach, the rural health clinic also has arrangements with at least one hospital to provide services that aren’t available in the clinic.
Adhere to staffing requirements
Rural health clinics must have an NP, PA, or CNM on-site at least half of the time the office is open. Additionally, one qualified provider must be available to provide medical care at all times during the posted clinic hours
Remain prepared to treat emergencies
These specialized clinics must stay prepared to meet emergencies, ensuring they’re stocked with the medications and equipment needed to adequately treat most common emergencies.
Provide primary medical care
The team at a rural health clinic provides primary health care and some laboratory testing. They also treat mental health disorders, but the clinic doesn’t serve as a mental health or rehabilitation facility.
Meet quality and safety requirements
You can seek treatment with confidence, knowing your rural health clinic meets the state and federal health and safety requirements. The team also conducts an annual quality assessment and improvement program.